Direct and indirect speech, Learn English,

Introduction

There are two ways to transmit a message from a person , or the words spoken by one person to another person .
1. The direct style
Two . indirect Speech
Suppose your friend, whose name is John tells school, " I 'll give you a pen." You get home and you tell your brother what your friend told you about . There are two ways to tell .

Direct speech :

John said, " I 'll give you a pen."

Indirect speech :

John said he'd give me a pen .

In direct speech narrates the person 's original words ( unchanged) and enclosed in quotes. While indirect style made ​​some changes to the original words of the person because these words have been spoken in the past so the time will change accordingly and pronoun can also be modified accordingly. In indirect speech the status of the person is not quoted , the word " that" can be used before the declaration to demonstrate that it is the speech. Indirect Speech also known as indirect speech indirect speech because refers to the second part of indirect speech in which something is said by a person .
Oral report : The first part of the verb phrase (ie , he said, she said , he said, told her, she says , ) before calling the statement of a person in prayer reporting verb.
Examples. Throughout the following example, the reporting verb is "said . "
He said : "I work in a factory " ( direct speech )
He said he worked in a factory. ( Indirect speech )
They said, " go to the movies " ( direct speech )
They said they were going to the movies. ( Indirect speech )

Indirect Style . The second part of indirect speech in which something is said by a person (who is quoted in direct speech ) is called speech. For example , a sentence is indirect speech , He said he worked in a factory . In this sentence, the second part " , worked in a factory " is called indirect speech and therefore indirect discourse as a whole can also be called speech.

Basic rules for indirect discourse .

1. Indirect speech is not enclosed in quotes.
Two . The use of the word " that" : The word " that" is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech.
Three . Change the pronoun : The pronoun ( subject) indirect style is changed according to the report pronoun verb or the object ( person) reporting verb ( first part of the sentence ) . Sometimes the pronoun can not change.
In the following example, the indirect style pronoun is "I" , which was changed in reported speech in the pronoun ( Subject) for reporting verb is "it " .

Example .

Direct speech : He said : "I'm happy "
Indirect speech : He said he was happy.
Direct speech : I said, " you are smart "
Indirect speech : I said I was smart. ("You" was changed to "he" the subject of the verbal notification )
1. Change over time : The time is changed according to certain rules as now then the day today , tomorrow and the next day day before yesterday .
Examples.
Direct speech : He said : "Today I am happy "
Indirect speech : He said he was happy that day .
1. The time change in indirect speech : If the first part of the sentence (reporting verb part ) belongs spent time while indirect style will change. If the first part of the sentence (reporting verb part ) belongs to present or future time , time indirect style will not change .
Two .
Examples.
Direct speech : He said : "I'm happy "
Indirect speech : He said he was happy. ( Time changed indirect style )
Direct speech : He says : "I am happy "
Indirect speech : He said he is happy.

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